Mulailah dengan menunjukkan satu atau dua huruf yang berwarna cerah. Perangkat seperti ini banyak tersedia di toko mainan anak. Gunakan huruf-huruf ini sebagai mainan bagi sang bayi, namun Anda dapat sedikit menekankan kepada sang bayi dengan menyebutkan nama huruf tersebut kepadanya setiap kali ia mengamati huruf tersebut. Tambahlah satu huruf secara per lahan seraya ia semakin bertumbuh. Seraya waktu berjalan, ia akan mulai dapat mengidentifikasi banyak huruf meski belum mampu mengucapkannya.
Tiga Langkah Pertama Membaca
1. Perkenalkan dan sebutkan setiap huruf pada bayi Anda
2. Sebut nama huruf-huruf dengan urutan kiri ke kanan
3. Bantulah ia mengerti bahwa huruf tercetak menggambarkan suara yang diucapkan
Setelah sang anak mengetahui semua huruf, maka tahap selanjutnya adalah memperkenalkan huruf-huruf tersebut pada urutan yang tepat. Di Indonesia kebiasaan membaca adalah dari kiri ke kanan. Maka susunlah huruf-huruf tersebut dari kiri ke kanan. Ketika ia sudah mulai berbicara, mintalah ia menyebutkan huruf-huruf tersebut dengan urutan dari kiri ke kanan.
Setelah seorang anak mengenali semua huruf, mulailah dengan mulai mengajarkan mengenal kata. Salah satu cara terbaik adalah dengan memperkenalkan namanya. Misalnya dengan menyusun huruf-huruf yang membentuk namanya. Lalu orang tua mengucapkan susunan huruf-huruf tersebut serta namanya. Ketika ia mulai lancar mengucapkan namanya, tambahkan kata lain yang mudah dimengerti seperti papa, mama, atau kata lainnya. Lakukan semua hal tersebut dalam kondisi santai dan juga dalam suasana bermain.
Selain itu, Anda juga dapat membacakan sebuah cerita dalam buku yang memiliki gambar dengan warna yang cerah. Sang anak akan lebih terbiasa membaca jika Anda sering membacakan buku yang menarik kepada anak Anda yang masih kecil. Dengan demikian ia akan semakin mengerti bahwa huruf-huruf tersusun menjadi kata yang memiliki ucapan dan arti tersendiri.
Agar kegiatan ini tidak membosankan, hendaknya saat membacakan cerita dilakukan dengan seekspresif mungkin. Gunakan intonasi suara sesuai karakter tokoh yang ada. Anda juga dapat menggunakan bahasa tubuh yang sesuai aatau melakukan efek drama seperti tertawa, berbisik, menjerit atau merengek untuk membuat anak berimajinasi.
Karena selera anak bisa berbeda, maka bila Anda hendak membeli sebuah buku, libatkan anak untuk memilih buku yang disukainya. Ini tentu dapat dilakukan ketika anak Anda sudah mengerti dan cukup umur untuk menentukan pilihannya. Selanjutnya, tugas Anda sebagai orangtua adalah menyeleksi buku yang dipilih anak apakah sesuai dengan usianya.
Waktu yang paling baik untuk membacakan buku adalah saat anak menjelang tidur. Sisihkan 15 menit sampai 20 menit untuk mebacakannya karena pada saat inilah daya ingat anak semakin kuat.
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10 Ways to Healthy Diet & Simplified15 years ago
Showing posts with label child. Show all posts
Showing posts with label child. Show all posts
Tuesday, May 31, 2011
Wednesday, November 10, 2010
10 Ways to stimulate your child's brain development to be optimal
10 Ways to stimulate your child's brain development to be optimal
healthy baby, healthy pregnancy and the environment is an important factor in educating and maximize the baby's brain function. In the first years of the baby's brain development systems is growing very fast. The first year is also the most important time in the maximization of infant brain development. Besides, note also the child's growth disorders.
Environmental influences dominate in infant brain development, for example by providing a real affection for infants will enhance the development of the baby's brain circuitry.
Then how do I maximize brain function on your baby to develop properly. The following tips:
1. Love. Love and attention are the real needs first. Baby you can never regulate or manipulate you. He desperately needed love you tenderly. Love your unlimited strengthen self-esteem and enhance the development of your baby's brain circuitry.
2. Talk to your baby as often, as gently as possible with kasanah word as much as possible, and various expressions. Your voice is the sound of your baby's favorite, because he's already heard it since there is in the womb.
3. Answer your baby's demand (for example, trying to understand your baby's crying) without hesitation. This will teach your baby to dare to communicate with others, and provide emotional stability and trust to him.
4. Touch your baby. The experts found that premature babies who stroked will grow faster, a little cry, and will soon be allowed home from hospital than those not stroked.
5. Positive expression. Your baby will know by heart and understand well the voice, facial expressions, and your movement. Then make him familiar expressions and sounds positive.
6. Let your baby experience different environments, take a walk, point out interesting things around your neighborhood.
7. Allow your baby to recognize the various textures and temperatures (certainly not too cold, hot, or hard). Provide a safe environment for exploration of the baby, because recognition does indeed take time.
8. Read the books. Although your baby can not follow or read, but the pictures and you sound good for him.
9. Play music or let your baby listen to music such as classical music (Mozart for example). Research shows that classical music can stimulate the development of the baby's brain neurons.
10. When you're frustrated because your baby's milk dropped to the floor, remember that he did it because it is trying to recognize the world.
healthy baby, healthy pregnancy and the environment is an important factor in educating and maximize the baby's brain function. In the first years of the baby's brain development systems is growing very fast. The first year is also the most important time in the maximization of infant brain development. Besides, note also the child's growth disorders.
Environmental influences dominate in infant brain development, for example by providing a real affection for infants will enhance the development of the baby's brain circuitry.
Then how do I maximize brain function on your baby to develop properly. The following tips:
1. Love. Love and attention are the real needs first. Baby you can never regulate or manipulate you. He desperately needed love you tenderly. Love your unlimited strengthen self-esteem and enhance the development of your baby's brain circuitry.
2. Talk to your baby as often, as gently as possible with kasanah word as much as possible, and various expressions. Your voice is the sound of your baby's favorite, because he's already heard it since there is in the womb.
3. Answer your baby's demand (for example, trying to understand your baby's crying) without hesitation. This will teach your baby to dare to communicate with others, and provide emotional stability and trust to him.
4. Touch your baby. The experts found that premature babies who stroked will grow faster, a little cry, and will soon be allowed home from hospital than those not stroked.
5. Positive expression. Your baby will know by heart and understand well the voice, facial expressions, and your movement. Then make him familiar expressions and sounds positive.
6. Let your baby experience different environments, take a walk, point out interesting things around your neighborhood.
7. Allow your baby to recognize the various textures and temperatures (certainly not too cold, hot, or hard). Provide a safe environment for exploration of the baby, because recognition does indeed take time.
8. Read the books. Although your baby can not follow or read, but the pictures and you sound good for him.
9. Play music or let your baby listen to music such as classical music (Mozart for example). Research shows that classical music can stimulate the development of the baby's brain neurons.
10. When you're frustrated because your baby's milk dropped to the floor, remember that he did it because it is trying to recognize the world.
Friday, November 5, 2010
sex education for children
Why Need Sex Education?
Children and adolescents are vulnerable to misinformation about sex. If you do not get proper sex education, they will be consumed myths about sex that is not true. Information on sex should be obtained directly from parents who have special attention to their children.
The survey results National Family Planning Coordinating Board (BKKBN) shows that more than 60 percent of teens in Indonesia have premarital sex. The figures are quite alarming in the country upholding the moral values regarding sex. Why they could make pre-marital sex? The reason for the lack of sex education to children and adolescents. When did sex education can begin to do?
When to Start Sex Education?
When did sex education can begin to be given to children? Some parents often answering questions with short answers sex: "Wait you're great!". Actually the best time to give sex education is early! Sex education begins even since the child was a toddler.
If you delay giving sex education when your child enters adolescence, then it was too late. Because in an era where information is easily obtained from the Internet and peers, the teen-aged children when they have to know more about sex and most probably from the wrong perspective.
How Sex Education Provided?
How is the best way to provide sex education to your children? Here are some stages of life and how to provide sex education in accordance with the level of your child's age.
*
Toddlers (1-5 years)
At this age, you can begin to instill sex education. The way is easy, that is by starting to introduce to your baby sex organs of his brief. No need to give a detailed explanation because the attention span of children is usually short.
For example, when bathing your child, you can tell the various organs of the child's body, such as hair, head, hands, feet, stomach, and do not forget the penis and vagina or vulva. Then explain differences in genitalia of the opposite sex, for example, if your child has a younger brother of the opposite sex.
In addition, tandaskan also that the genitals should not be exhibited in vain, and also explain if there is a touch without known parents, the child must shout out loud and reports to parents. Thus, your children can be protected against the rampant cases of sexual violence and sexual abuse of children.
*
Age 3-10 years
At this age, children usually begin to actively ask about sex. For example, children will ask where it originated. Or general questions such as how the origin of the baby. The answers are simple and straightforward is usually effective.
Example # 1: "Babies come from?" You can answer the mother's abdomen. Or you can show me a mother who is pregnant and showing the location of the baby in the mother's abdomen.
Example # 2: "How's the baby out of the tummy?" You can answer the baby out of vagina or vulva hole to get out of the mother's abdomen.
Example # 3: "Why can there be a baby in the stomach?" You can answer that baby in the mother's abdomen because there are seeds given by the father to the mother. The trick is father to enter the seed using a penis and the vagina of the mother. It's called sexual intercourse, and it should only be done by men and women who have married.
*
Towards Age Youth
As the child grows, start time for you to explain about menstruation, wet dreams, and also the physical changes that happen to a teenager. You could explain that little girl will experience changes in breast shape, or explain the existence grow feathers around her genitals.
*
Age Youth
At this time, a teen will be sexually experienced many changes. You need more intensive instill good moral values to him. Give a description of the loss of free sex like a disease that is transmitted and the emotional consequences.
According to research, sex education early will avoid pregnancy outside of marriage when the children grow into adolescence and later adulthood. No need to be taboo to talk about sex in the family. Because your child needs to get the right information from their parents, not from other people about sex.
Because a great curiosity, if the child is not provided sex education, then they will seek answers from others, and would be more frightening if sex information obtained from peers or the Internet that their information could be wrong. Therefore, protect your children from an early age by equipping them with education about sex the right way.
Children and adolescents are vulnerable to misinformation about sex. If you do not get proper sex education, they will be consumed myths about sex that is not true. Information on sex should be obtained directly from parents who have special attention to their children.
The survey results National Family Planning Coordinating Board (BKKBN) shows that more than 60 percent of teens in Indonesia have premarital sex. The figures are quite alarming in the country upholding the moral values regarding sex. Why they could make pre-marital sex? The reason for the lack of sex education to children and adolescents. When did sex education can begin to do?
When to Start Sex Education?
When did sex education can begin to be given to children? Some parents often answering questions with short answers sex: "Wait you're great!". Actually the best time to give sex education is early! Sex education begins even since the child was a toddler.
If you delay giving sex education when your child enters adolescence, then it was too late. Because in an era where information is easily obtained from the Internet and peers, the teen-aged children when they have to know more about sex and most probably from the wrong perspective.
How Sex Education Provided?
How is the best way to provide sex education to your children? Here are some stages of life and how to provide sex education in accordance with the level of your child's age.
*
Toddlers (1-5 years)
At this age, you can begin to instill sex education. The way is easy, that is by starting to introduce to your baby sex organs of his brief. No need to give a detailed explanation because the attention span of children is usually short.
For example, when bathing your child, you can tell the various organs of the child's body, such as hair, head, hands, feet, stomach, and do not forget the penis and vagina or vulva. Then explain differences in genitalia of the opposite sex, for example, if your child has a younger brother of the opposite sex.
In addition, tandaskan also that the genitals should not be exhibited in vain, and also explain if there is a touch without known parents, the child must shout out loud and reports to parents. Thus, your children can be protected against the rampant cases of sexual violence and sexual abuse of children.
*
Age 3-10 years
At this age, children usually begin to actively ask about sex. For example, children will ask where it originated. Or general questions such as how the origin of the baby. The answers are simple and straightforward is usually effective.
Example # 1: "Babies come from?" You can answer the mother's abdomen. Or you can show me a mother who is pregnant and showing the location of the baby in the mother's abdomen.
Example # 2: "How's the baby out of the tummy?" You can answer the baby out of vagina or vulva hole to get out of the mother's abdomen.
Example # 3: "Why can there be a baby in the stomach?" You can answer that baby in the mother's abdomen because there are seeds given by the father to the mother. The trick is father to enter the seed using a penis and the vagina of the mother. It's called sexual intercourse, and it should only be done by men and women who have married.
*
Towards Age Youth
As the child grows, start time for you to explain about menstruation, wet dreams, and also the physical changes that happen to a teenager. You could explain that little girl will experience changes in breast shape, or explain the existence grow feathers around her genitals.
*
Age Youth
At this time, a teen will be sexually experienced many changes. You need more intensive instill good moral values to him. Give a description of the loss of free sex like a disease that is transmitted and the emotional consequences.
According to research, sex education early will avoid pregnancy outside of marriage when the children grow into adolescence and later adulthood. No need to be taboo to talk about sex in the family. Because your child needs to get the right information from their parents, not from other people about sex.
Because a great curiosity, if the child is not provided sex education, then they will seek answers from others, and would be more frightening if sex information obtained from peers or the Internet that their information could be wrong. Therefore, protect your children from an early age by equipping them with education about sex the right way.
Sunday, October 31, 2010
sex education for child
Sex Education In Early Childhood
Provide Sex Education in Early Childhood
Does your child begin to ask you about sex? If so, then baby is ready to be taught sex education right now. In addition to parents at home who can provide sex education to children, teachers at school also has a big share to equip students children about sex education. According A.T. Meilandari, S.sn, marketing communications Indonesian Carpediem School, said the introduction of inappropriate sex given to children aged under five as long as the content is not excessive, and still refers to the simple things.
Through sex education in schools, it supplies more mature children about sexuality and very useful in the future. Children also get the knowledge when the act, such as what should be done and that should not be done. Given several events irregularities frequently occur in society, sex education early in children to enable them to protect themselves from acts that are not good.
Teach the child to say NO in adults can be an unknown / foreign. It became one of effective prevention to prevent sexual harassment and other matters that are not desired.
Methods in schools to educate the students pre-school and kindergarten about sex education, it can be done by:
* 1 year
Introduce children to the parts of his body sendiri.Di this age, children need to be introduced to members of the body. Introduce the name of the body, as well as differences and functions, while you're bathing or shower with the children. You can also use books and props, human doll for example. Do not forget to remain calm when you have to be naked in front of the child while bathing or changing clothes.
* 2 years
Can recognize and name parts of the body At the age of 2 years, children generally can mention parts of his body smoothly, such as eyes, nose, ears, hands, and feet. To make it more familiar with other body parts, you can also make this activity more fun. Pack in the form of the game. Indicate the body (you just say it anyway), such as ear, then invite your child to be holding his ears. So also in other body parts you mentioned.
* 3 years
Know the difference if your child is able to recognize his own body parts, it's time to introduce the gender differences. Introduce the two categories of male and female sexes. Explain also male genitalia is a penis and women is the vagina, as well as differences of form and function. By introducing the parts of the body and the difference, the child will have a favorable view of the body.
* 4 years
Keeping yourself When children are getting bigger, teach that part of her genitals-not-be held by any person, except by the mother (while bathing) and doctors (when I'm sick). They must immediately report directly to parents or teachers when there are other people who touched her private parts. Aside from being a form of sex education to keep the private parts of her body, it can make a child protected from sexual violence.
* 5 years
Orderly and Caring Ourselves Along with the development of age, at this stage the child get used to urinating in the right place. Familiarize him urinate in the toilet, not in trees, bushes, or public places that are open. To change her clothes as well get used to looking for a room or toilet and not do it in public. Teach your children and get used to clean the genitals properly, especially after bladder / bowel movements. Do not forget to teach him always wash hands after bladder / bowel movement, and explain that the germs can enter through the vagina / penis and anal.
Beyond all that, parents and teachers is the best place to ask for the child. Make sex as something natural and personal part of health. Sex is not something that is wrong, dirty, dirty, or shameful because it is part of normal growth, so no need to worry about. So it's not a day longer respond to early sex education is taboo for your baby.
Do and Do not
In providing sex education to children, do not match when you teach in adults. Need to be careful and simple language, the most important is a concrete example for baby's easy to understand for your explanation. Here are tips for you:
1. May
- Give a demonstration-a demonstration of interest in clarifying the notion of
sex.
- Use examples of people, like my mother / father, friends, or people
the nearest known and your child.
- Give an explanation with the words that are easy to understand / very simple.
- Emphasize the baby, though different gender but can not distinguish
each other.
2. No
- Never give an explanation with the new words children hear,
especially difficult terms.
- Do not give meaning to the very vulgar.
- Do not give an explanation with so seriously that make children
confused
Simak
Baca secara fonetik
Provide Sex Education in Early Childhood
Does your child begin to ask you about sex? If so, then baby is ready to be taught sex education right now. In addition to parents at home who can provide sex education to children, teachers at school also has a big share to equip students children about sex education. According A.T. Meilandari, S.sn, marketing communications Indonesian Carpediem School, said the introduction of inappropriate sex given to children aged under five as long as the content is not excessive, and still refers to the simple things.
Through sex education in schools, it supplies more mature children about sexuality and very useful in the future. Children also get the knowledge when the act, such as what should be done and that should not be done. Given several events irregularities frequently occur in society, sex education early in children to enable them to protect themselves from acts that are not good.
Teach the child to say NO in adults can be an unknown / foreign. It became one of effective prevention to prevent sexual harassment and other matters that are not desired.
Methods in schools to educate the students pre-school and kindergarten about sex education, it can be done by:
* 1 year
Introduce children to the parts of his body sendiri.Di this age, children need to be introduced to members of the body. Introduce the name of the body, as well as differences and functions, while you're bathing or shower with the children. You can also use books and props, human doll for example. Do not forget to remain calm when you have to be naked in front of the child while bathing or changing clothes.
* 2 years
Can recognize and name parts of the body At the age of 2 years, children generally can mention parts of his body smoothly, such as eyes, nose, ears, hands, and feet. To make it more familiar with other body parts, you can also make this activity more fun. Pack in the form of the game. Indicate the body (you just say it anyway), such as ear, then invite your child to be holding his ears. So also in other body parts you mentioned.
* 3 years
Know the difference if your child is able to recognize his own body parts, it's time to introduce the gender differences. Introduce the two categories of male and female sexes. Explain also male genitalia is a penis and women is the vagina, as well as differences of form and function. By introducing the parts of the body and the difference, the child will have a favorable view of the body.
* 4 years
Keeping yourself When children are getting bigger, teach that part of her genitals-not-be held by any person, except by the mother (while bathing) and doctors (when I'm sick). They must immediately report directly to parents or teachers when there are other people who touched her private parts. Aside from being a form of sex education to keep the private parts of her body, it can make a child protected from sexual violence.
* 5 years
Orderly and Caring Ourselves Along with the development of age, at this stage the child get used to urinating in the right place. Familiarize him urinate in the toilet, not in trees, bushes, or public places that are open. To change her clothes as well get used to looking for a room or toilet and not do it in public. Teach your children and get used to clean the genitals properly, especially after bladder / bowel movements. Do not forget to teach him always wash hands after bladder / bowel movement, and explain that the germs can enter through the vagina / penis and anal.
Beyond all that, parents and teachers is the best place to ask for the child. Make sex as something natural and personal part of health. Sex is not something that is wrong, dirty, dirty, or shameful because it is part of normal growth, so no need to worry about. So it's not a day longer respond to early sex education is taboo for your baby.
Do and Do not
In providing sex education to children, do not match when you teach in adults. Need to be careful and simple language, the most important is a concrete example for baby's easy to understand for your explanation. Here are tips for you:
1. May
- Give a demonstration-a demonstration of interest in clarifying the notion of
sex.
- Use examples of people, like my mother / father, friends, or people
the nearest known and your child.
- Give an explanation with the words that are easy to understand / very simple.
- Emphasize the baby, though different gender but can not distinguish
each other.
2. No
- Never give an explanation with the new words children hear,
especially difficult terms.
- Do not give meaning to the very vulgar.
- Do not give an explanation with so seriously that make children
confused
Simak
Baca secara fonetik
Sunday, October 24, 2010
Parental Education and Child Learning Investing in Goods and Time
Children of more educated parents have been shown to outperform their peers on standardized tests, an outcome often attributed to more educated parents investing more in their childrenís human capital accumulation. However, neither the form of this investment nor the extent to which it explains the relationship between parental education and child learning is well understood. Using unique data from China, this paper examines how parental education impacts the householdís provision of time and goods used in childrenís learning and the extent to which these investments may explain the relationship between parental education and child learning. I Önd that more educated parents allocate greater levels of both goods and time to their childrenís human capital accumulation. In addition, controlling for investments in goods and time reduces the estimated e§ects of parental education on childrenís learning.
Keywords: Investments, Education, Human Capital, Time Allocation, China
full text Download File
Keywords: Investments, Education, Human Capital, Time Allocation, China
full text Download File
Saturday, October 23, 2010
NO CHILD LEFT BEHIND?: THE RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN EDUCATION POLICY AND STUDENT SUCCESS
BRITTANY LAUREN RESMANN
This study investigated how education policy influences student success, and if there are linkages between K-12 education policy and higher education. Historically, education has primarily been a function of state and local governments. The role of the federal government drastically changed with the passage of the No Child Left Behind Act in 2001. This thesis focused on the influence of No Child Behind on several indicators of student success in K-12 and postsecondary education. All fifty states were examined in this study. This approach is rather unusual since it is typical to focus on one state or a small group of states. In addition to the state
level analyses, macro analyses were also conducted to generate sounder policy prescriptions.
This study tested three primary research questions. (1) The first research question tested possible changes in several measures of student success since the implementation of No Child Left Behind. (2) The second research question analyzed the relationship between K-12 education policy and higher education. (3) The third research question addressed the possibility that state education reforms have had an impact on test scores, graduation rates, and college enrollment. After testing the three research questions the following results were found. (1) Findings showed
that K-12 test scores have improved on the national level since the implementation of No Child Left Behind, but there are several states that have witnessed a decline in test scores since legislation was enacted. (2) No Child Left Behind has had an impact on higher education. Test scores have a relationship with college retention and college enrollment. (3)There was no relationship between the state reforms and the variables that measured student success. Based on the findings, policy prescriptions were generated for both leaders within education and policymakers.
full text Download File
level analyses, macro analyses were also conducted to generate sounder policy prescriptions.
This study tested three primary research questions. (1) The first research question tested possible changes in several measures of student success since the implementation of No Child Left Behind. (2) The second research question analyzed the relationship between K-12 education policy and higher education. (3) The third research question addressed the possibility that state education reforms have had an impact on test scores, graduation rates, and college enrollment. After testing the three research questions the following results were found. (1) Findings showed
that K-12 test scores have improved on the national level since the implementation of No Child Left Behind, but there are several states that have witnessed a decline in test scores since legislation was enacted. (2) No Child Left Behind has had an impact on higher education. Test scores have a relationship with college retention and college enrollment. (3)There was no relationship between the state reforms and the variables that measured student success. Based on the findings, policy prescriptions were generated for both leaders within education and policymakers.
full text Download File
Friday, October 22, 2010
Education for all and child labour in Kenya: A conflict of capabilities?
Angela Githitho-Muriithi
Child labour remains an enormous challenge to the achievement of Education For All in developing countries. This paper explores the subject of child labour in Kenya in the context of the national and global push towards Education For All. Based on a year’s ethnography of a poor community in Kiambu district in Kenya, the paper explores the tension between child labour and schooling using the language of capabilities. The capability approach focuses on the freedoms that people have to live the life that they value. As there is a strong relationship between poverty and child labour, this paper argues that there is tension between the capability (freedom) to be educated and other basic capabilities such as being well fed and housed. Therefore, substantively empowering poor communities would be a positive step towards easing these tensions and ultimately achieving Education For All.
Download File
Child labour remains an enormous challenge to the achievement of Education For All in developing countries. This paper explores the subject of child labour in Kenya in the context of the national and global push towards Education For All. Based on a year’s ethnography of a poor community in Kiambu district in Kenya, the paper explores the tension between child labour and schooling using the language of capabilities. The capability approach focuses on the freedoms that people have to live the life that they value. As there is a strong relationship between poverty and child labour, this paper argues that there is tension between the capability (freedom) to be educated and other basic capabilities such as being well fed and housed. Therefore, substantively empowering poor communities would be a positive step towards easing these tensions and ultimately achieving Education For All.
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